Tuesday, October 4, 2016

Norfloxacin STADA




Norfloxacin STADA may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Norfloxacin STADA



Norfloxacin

Norfloxacin is reported as an ingredient of Norfloxacin STADA in the following countries:


  • Germany

  • Sweden

International Drug Name Search

Lansoprazol ratiopharm




Lansoprazol-ratiopharm may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Lansoprazol-ratiopharm



Lansoprazole

Lansoprazole is reported as an ingredient of Lansoprazol-ratiopharm in the following countries:


  • Denmark

  • Finland

  • Germany

  • Luxembourg

  • Netherlands

  • Portugal

  • Spain

  • Sweden

International Drug Name Search

Monday, October 3, 2016

EP Hormone




EP Hormone may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for EP Hormone



Estradiol

Estradiol 3-benzoate (a derivative of Estradiol) is reported as an ingredient of EP Hormone in the following countries:


  • Japan

Hydroxyprogesterone

Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (a derivative of Hydroxyprogesterone) is reported as an ingredient of EP Hormone in the following countries:


  • Japan

Progesterone

Progesterone is reported as an ingredient of EP Hormone in the following countries:


  • Japan

International Drug Name Search

Rhinolast




Rhinolast may be available in the countries listed below.


UK matches:

  • Rhinolast Nasal Spray
  • Rhinolast Allergy 0.1% w/v Nasal Spray (SPC)
  • Rhinolast Nasal Spray (SPC)

Ingredient matches for Rhinolast



Azelastine

Azelastine hydrochloride (a derivative of Azelastine) is reported as an ingredient of Rhinolast in the following countries:


  • Ireland

  • Israel

  • South Africa

  • United Kingdom

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

SPC Summary of Product Characteristics (UK)

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Dandrex Lotion


Pronunciation: se-LEE-nee-um
Generic Name: Selenium
Brand Name: Examples include Dandrex and Selsun Blue


Dandrex Lotion is used for:

Treating dandruff and other conditions of the scalp and skin.


Dandrex Lotion is a cytostatic agent. It works by reducing skin cell growth and inhibiting growth of organisms associated with chronic flaking and itching.


Do NOT use Dandrex Lotion if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Dandrex Lotion

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using Dandrex Lotion:


Some medical conditions may interact with Dandrex Lotion. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Dandrex Lotion. Because little, if any, of Dandrex Lotion is absorbed into the blood, the risk of it interacting with another medicine is low.


Ask your health care provider if Dandrex Lotion may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Dandrex Lotion:


Use Dandrex Lotion as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • Shake well before each use.

  • Remove jewelry before using Dandrex Lotion.

  • Do not use on broken or inflamed skin or scalp.

  • To use Dandrex Lotion on the scalp - Massage 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls of the medicine on the wet scalp. Leave on the scalp for 2 to 3 minutes. Rinse scalp thoroughly. Wash hands well after treatment. If you are using Dandrex Lotion before or after bleaching, tinting, or permanent waving of hair, rinse hair for at least 5 minutes in cool running water.

  • To use Dandrex Lotion on the skin - Apply a sufficient amount to cover affected areas of the body. Lather well with a small amount of water. Leave the medicine on the skin for 10 minutes. Rinse thoroughly in the shower. Wash hands well after treatment.

  • If you miss a dose of Dandrex Lotion, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Dandrex Lotion.



Important safety information:


  • If your symptoms do not get better within 1 to 2 weeks or if they get worse, check with your doctor.

  • Do NOT use for longer than prescribed without checking with your doctor.

  • Do not get Dandrex Lotion in your eyes, or on the inside of your nose or mouth.

  • Do not use Dandrex Lotion on broken or blistered skin.

  • Do not apply Dandrex Lotion to the genital area. If you get Dandrex Lotion on your genitals, rinse thoroughly with water.

  • Dandrex Lotion may damage jewelry. Remove jewelry before using Dandrex Lotion.

  • Dandrex Lotion should not be used in CHILDREN younger than 2 years old; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Dandrex Lotion while you are pregnant. It is not known if Dandrex Lotion is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Dandrex Lotion.


Possible side effects of Dandrex Lotion:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:



Hair discoloration (minimized by thorough rinsing); increase in mild hair loss or thinning; oiliness or dryness of hair and scalp.



Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue).



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.


See also: Dandrex side effects (in more detail)


If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center ( http://www.aapcc.org), or emergency room immediately. Dandrex Lotion may be harmful if swallowed.


Proper storage of Dandrex Lotion:

Store Dandrex Lotion below 86 degrees F (30 degrees C) in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat and light. Keep Dandrex Lotion out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Dandrex Lotion, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Dandrex Lotion is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Dandrex Lotion. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Dandrex resources


  • Dandrex Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Dandrex Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Dandrex Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Dandrex - Add your own review/rating


Compare Dandrex with other medications


  • Seborrheic Dermatitis
  • Tinea Versicolor

Dantrolene Sodium


Class: Direct-acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
VA Class: MS200
CAS Number: 24868-20-0
Brands: Dantrium


  • Hepatic Effects of Oral Dantrolene


  • Risk of developing potentially fatal, hepatic injury (e.g., hepatitis); should not be used for unlabeled indications.109




  • Females, patients >35 years of age, and those receiving other drugs (especially estrogens) concomitantly are at greatest risk.109




  • Risk of symptomatic hepatitis (fatal and nonfatal) may be dose dependent; incidence much higher at dosages ≥800 mg daily than at dosages ≤400 mg daily.109 Even intermittent, short courses at higher dosages associated with increased risk.109 Use lowest possible effective dose.109




  • Overt hepatitis most frequently observed between 3rd and 12th month of therapy.109




  • Frequently monitor hepatic function.109 (See Hepatic Effects under Cautions.)




  • If benefits are not evident within 45 days, discontinue therapy.109




Introduction

Skeletal muscle relaxant.108 109


Uses for Dantrolene Sodium


Spasticity


Oral management of spasticity resulting from upper motor neuron disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, stroke syndrome).109


Ineffective in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).a


Not indicated for the treatment of muscle spasms resulting from rheumatic disorders or musculoskeletal trauma.109 a


Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis


IV treatment of fulminant hypermetabolism of skeletal muscle that is characteristic of malignant hyperthermia crisis;108 should be used with and not as a substitute for supportive measures.a


Preoperative and postoperative prevention or attenuation of malignant hyperthermia in susceptible individuals; used orally or IV (when oral therapy is not practical or feasible).108 109


Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome†


Has been used for the treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome†; fatalities reported despite therapy with the drug.108 109


Dantrolene Sodium Dosage and Administration


General


  • Spasticity


  • Establish therapeutic goal before initiating therapy.109 Use lowest possible effective dosage.109 Discontinue drug if beneficial effects are not attained within 45 days.109 (See Boxed Warning.)




  • Subjective impressions of improvement may sometimes be confirmed by withdrawal of the drug for 2–4 days.109



  • Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis


  • Immediately discontinue all anesthetic agents and institute IV dantrolene as soon as malignant hyperthermia crisis is recognized.108




  • Monitor vital signs; employ the usual precautions associated with surgery in susceptible patients, since malignant hyperthermia may only be attenuated rather than prevented.108



Administration


Administer orally or by continuous IV infusion or rapid IV injection.108 109


Oral Administration


Administer orally 1–4 times daily.109


Extemporaneous Suspension

To prepare oral suspension containing 25 mg of dantrolene sodium per 5 mL, empty 5 100-mg capsules in 50 mL of Syrup NF, then add a solution containing 150 mg of citric acid in 10 mL of water followed by a sufficient volume of Syrup NF to make 100 mL.c Mix thoroughly before use.c


IV Administration


For solution compatibility information, see Compatibility under Stability.


For IV infusion, transfer reconstituted solution from the appropriate number of vials to plastic infusion bag.109 Do not use large glass containers; precipitate formation observed with some glass containers.108


Avoid extravasation (injection has high pH).108


Reconstitution

Add 60 mL of sterile water for injection (without bacteriostatic agent) to vial containing 20 mg of dantrolene sodium.108 Shake vial until solution is clear.108


Although reconstituted solutions are stable for 6 hours,108 infusions preferably should be prepared immediately before use.a


Rate of Administration

Preoperative prophylaxis: Infuse IV over approximately 1 hour beginning about 1.25 hours before anticipated anesthesia.108


Treatment of malignant hyperthermia syndrome: Rapid IV injection.108


Dosage


Available as dantrolene sodium; dosage expressed in terms of the salt.108 109


Pediatric Patients


Spasticity

Oral

Children ≥5 years of age: 0.5 mg/kg once daily for 7 days, followed by 0.5 mg/kg 3 times daily for 7 days, then 1 mg/kg 3 times daily for 7 days, and then 2 mg/kg 3 times daily, if necessary.109 Some patients may require doses 4 times daily.109


If no additional benefit is observed at the next higher dosage, decrease dosage to the previous (lower) dosage.109


Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis

Preoperative Prophylaxis

Oral

4–8 mg/kg daily in 3 or 4 divided doses for 1–2 days prior to surgery; give the last dose approximately 3–4 hours before surgery with small amount of water.109


IV

2.5 mg/kg infused over approximately 1 hour beginning about 1.25 hours before anticipated anesthesia; may give additional individualized doses intraoperatively, if necessary.108


Treatment

IV

Initially, 1 mg/kg or more by rapid IV injection.108 Repeat dose as necessary until physiologic and metabolic abnormalities subside or a maximum total dosage of 10 mg/kg is reached.108


Average total dosage: 2.5 mg/kg.a


Repeat regimen if physiologic and metabolic abnormalities reappear.108


Post-crisis Follow-up

Oral

4–8 mg/kg daily in 4 divided doses for up to 3 days after the crisis.109


IV

Initially, 1 mg/kg or more as clinically indicated.108 Individualize subsequent doses.108


Adults


Spasticity

Oral

Initially, 25 mg once daily for 7 days, followed by 25 mg 3 times daily for 7 days, then 50 mg 3 times daily for 7 days, and then 100 mg 3 times daily, if necessary.109 Some patients may require doses 4 times daily.109


If no additional benefit is observed at the next higher dosage, decrease dosage to the previous (lower) dosage.109


Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis

Preoperative Prophylaxis

Oral

4–8 mg/kg daily in 3 or 4 divided doses for 1–2 days prior to surgery; give the last dose approximately 3–4 hours before surgery with small amount of water.109


IV

2.5 mg/kg infused over approximately 1 hour beginning about 1.25 hours before anticipated anesthesia; may give additional individualized doses intraoperatively, if necessary.108


Treatment

IV

Initially, 1 mg/kg or more by rapid IV injection.108 Repeat dose as necessary until physiologic and metabolic abnormalities subside or a maximum total dosage of 10 mg/kg is reached.108


Average total dosage: 2.5 mg/kg.a


Repeat regimen if physiologic and metabolic abnormalities reappear.108


Post-crisis Follow-up

Oral

4–8 mg/kg daily in 4 divided doses for up to 3 days after the crisis.109


IV

Initially, 1 mg/kg or more as clinically indicated.108 Individualize subsequent doses.108


Prescribing Limits


Pediatric Patients


Spasticity

Oral

Maximum 100 mg 4 times daily.109


Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis

Treatment

IV

Maximum 10 mg/kg.108


Adults


Spasticity

Oral

Maximum 100 mg 4 times daily.109


Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis

Treatment

IV

Maximum 10 mg/kg.108


Cautions for Dantrolene Sodium


Contraindications



  • Oral dantrolene contraindicated in patients with active hepatic disease (e.g., hepatitis, cirrhosis).109




  • Also contraindicated in patients who must utilize spasticity to maintain upright posture and balance in moving or to obtain or maintain increased body function.109




  • No contraindications to IV dantrolene for prophylaxis or management of malignant hyperthermia crisis.108



Warnings/Precautions


Warnings


Hepatic Effects

Fatal and nonfatal hepatic disorders of idiosyncratic or hypersensitivity type possible with oral dantrolene.108 109 (See Boxed Warning.)


Obtain serum AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin concentrations prior to and periodically during therapy or whenever symptoms of hepatitis occur.109


If liver function test abnormalities occur alone, consider discontinuing therapy; continue or reinstitute the drug only if major benefits occurred during dantrolene therapy.109


If symptoms of hepatitis are accompanied by liver function test abnormalities or jaundice, discontinue dantrolene.109


Following discontinuance for clinical and/or laboratory evidence of hepatotoxicity, reinstitute dantrolene only in patients who clearly need the drug and only after symptoms and laboratory abnormalities of hepatotoxicity have resolved.109 Hospitalize patient to reinitiate therapy with very small doses; gradually increase dosage with frequent monitoring of liver function; discontinue drug immediately if signs of liver abnormality recur.109


Risks Associated with Long-term, Chronic Use

Long-term safety in humans yet to be established.109


Nephropathy, benign and malignant mammary and testicular tumors, hepatic lymphangiomas, and hepatic angiosarcomas reported following long-term use in animals; assess risk/benefits of chronic administration.109


Sensitivity Reactions


Photosensitivity

Possible photosensitivity reactions; limit exposure to sunlight.109


General Precautions


CNS Depression

Performance of activities requiring mental alertness may be impaired.108 109


Concurrent use of other CNS depressants may potentiate CNS depression.108 109 (See Specific Drugs under Interactions.)


Mannitol Content

If mannitol is used for the prevention or treatment of late renal complications of malignant hyperthermia, consider mannitol in the IV dantrolene formulation (3 g of mannitol per 20-mg vial) as part of the total amount administered.108


Concomitant Illnesses

Use with caution in patients with severe cardiac impairment secondary to myocardial disease or with impaired pulmonary function (particularly obstructive pulmonary disease).109


Specific Populations


Pregnancy

Category C.108 109


Readily crosses the placenta.108 (See Distribution under Pharmacokinetics.)


Lactation

Distributed into milk;b use of oral dantrolene not recommended.109


Pediatric Use

Long-term safety of oral dantrolene not established in children <5 years of age.109


Weigh possible risks against potential benefits before initiating long-term oral therapy; adverse effects may become evident only after many years.109


Geriatric Use

Insufficient experience in patients ≥65 years of age to determine whether geriatric patients respond differently than younger adults.108


Titrate dosage carefully.108


Hepatic Impairment

Use with caution in patients with a history of hepatic impairment.109


Common Adverse Effects


Muscle weakness, drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, diarrhea, nausea, malaise, fatigue.a 109


Interactions for Dantrolene Sodium


Metabolized in the liver, but the precise enzymes responsible are unknown.108


Drugs Affecting Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes


Pharmacokinetic interaction with CYP enzyme inducers theoretically possible.108


Specific Drugs




































Drug



Interaction



Comment



Calcium-channel blockers (e.g., verapamil)



Cardiovascular collapse reported rarely108



Concomitant use during malignant hyperthermia crisis not recommended108



Clofibrate



Decreased binding of dantrolene to plasma proteins108



CNS depressants



Possible additive CNS effects (e.g., dizziness)108 109



Use with caution108 109



Diazepam



Additive sedative effect; dantrolene metabolism and protein binding unaffacted108



Use with cautiona



Estrogens



Possible increased frequency of hepatotoxicity in women >35 years of age109



Potential for interaction not clearly established; use with caution109



Phenobarbital



Pharmacokinetic interaction unlikely; dantrolene metabolism unaffected108



Phenytoin



No change in binding of dantrolene to plasma proteins108



Tolbutamide



Increased binding of dantrolene to plasma proteins108



Vecuronium



Potentiation of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade108



Warfarin



Decreased binding of dantrolene to plasma proteins108


Dantrolene Sodium Pharmacokinetics


Absorption


Bioavailability


Absorption following oral administration is incomplete and slow but consistent.109


Distribution


Extent


Readily crosses the placenta, with maternal and fetal whole blood concentrations approximately equal at delivery; neonatal concentrations then fall approximately 50% per day for 2 days before declining sharply.108


Plasma Protein Binding


Substantially bound to plasma proteins (mostly albumin); binding is readily reversible.108


Elimination


Metabolism


Specific metabolic pathways not established.108 May undergo hydrolysis and subsequent oxidation forming nitrophenylfuroic acid.108


Elimination Route


Specific pathways not established.108


Half-life


Approximately 4–8 hours following IV administration.108


Approximately 9 hours following oral administration in adults.109


Stability


Storage


Oral


Capsules

<40°C.109


Parenteral


Powder for Injection

15–30°C.108 Avoid prolonged exposure to light.108


Store reconstituted solutions at 15–30°C for up to 6 hours.108 Protect from light.108


Compatibility


For information on systemic interactions resulting from concomitant use, see Interactions.


Parenteral


Solution Compatibility108





Incompatible



Dextrose 5% in water



Sodium chloride 0.9%


ActionsActions



  • Causes skeletal muscle relaxation through a direct effect on skeletal muscle, probably by interfering with release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.108 109




  • Interference with calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum may prevent the increase in myoplasmic calcium that activates acute catabolism of skeletal muscle cells in patients with anesthesia-induced malignant hyperthermia.108




  • Has little or no effect on the contraction of cardiac or intestinal smooth muscle, except possibly at concentrations higher than those required for effects on skeletal muscle contraction.a



Advice to Patients



  • Risk of hepatoxicity with oral dantrolene.108 109




  • Risk of dizziness and muscle weakness; use caution when driving or operating machinery.108 109 Do not drive or operate machinery within 48 hours of receiving IV dantrolene.109




  • Risk of choking and difficulty swallowing; exercise caution during meals.108




  • Risk of photosensitivity reactions; limit exposure to sunlight.109




  • Importance of women informing their clinician if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.108 109




  • Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs, alcohol consumption, and any concomitant illnesses.108 109




  • Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information.108 109 (See Cautions.)



Preparations


Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.


* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name











































Dantrolene Sodium

Routes



Dosage Forms



Strengths



Brand Names



Manufacturer



Oral



Capsules



25 mg*



Dantrium



Procter & Gamble



Dantrolene Sodium Capsules



Amide, Global



50 mg*



Dantrium



Procter & Gamble



Dantrolene Sodium Capsules



Amide, Global



100 mg*



Dantrium



Procter & Gamble



Dantrolene Sodium Capsules



Amide, Global



Parenteral



For injection



20 mg



Dantrium Intravenous (with mannitol 3 g)



Procter & Gamble


Comparative Pricing


This pricing information is subject to change at the sole discretion of DS Pharmacy. This pricing information was updated 03/2011. Actual costs to patients will vary depending on the use of specific retail or mail-order locations and health insurance copays.


Dantrium 100MG Capsules (JHP PHARMACEUTICALS): 45/$99.99 or 135/$291.99


Dantrium 25MG Capsules (JHP PHARMACEUTICALS): 45/$58.98 or 135/$164.96


Dantrium 50MG Capsules (JHP PHARMACEUTICALS): 45/$81.99 or 135/$234.97


Dantrolene Sodium 100MG Capsules (GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL CORP): 45/$76.99 or 135/$219.97


Dantrolene Sodium 25MG Capsules (GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL CORP): 30/$34.99 or 90/$81.97


Dantrolene Sodium 50MG Capsules (GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL CORP): 45/$63.99 or 135/$175.97



Disclaimer

This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.


The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.

AHFS Drug Information. © Copyright, 1959-2011, Selected Revisions July 2007. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.


† Use is not currently included in the labeling approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.




References


Only references cited for selected revisions after 1984 are available electronically.



100. Coons DJ, Hillman FJ, Marshall RW. Treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with dantrolene sodium: a case report. Am J Psychiatry. 1982; 139:944-5. [IDIS 154797] [PubMed 6124135]



101. Goekoop JG, Carbaat PAT. Treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with dantrolene. Lancet. 1982; 2:49-50.



102. May DC, Morris SW, Stewart RM et al. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: response to dantrolene sodium. Ann Intern Med. 1983; 98:183-4. [IDIS 164929] [PubMed 6824251]



103. Daoudal P, Delacour JL. Treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with dantrolene. Lancet. 1982; 2:217. [PubMed 6123917]



104. Granato JE, Stern BJ, Ringel A et al. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: successful treatment with dantrolene and bromocriptine. Ann Neurol. 1983; 14:89-90. [IDIS 173103] [PubMed 6614876]



105. Goulon M, de Rohan-Chabot P, Elkharrat D et al. Beneficial effects of dantrolene in the treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a report of the two cases. Neurology. 1983; 33:516-8. [IDIS 169146] [PubMed 6682201]



106. Rappaport PL. Extemporaneous dosage preparations for pediatrics. Can J Hosp Pharm. 1983; 36:66-70,74. [PubMed 10262678]



107. Kaplan RF, Feinglass NG, Webster W et al. Phenelzine overdose treated with dantrolene sodium. JAMA. 1986; 255:642-4. [IDIS 210184] [PubMed 3944965]



108. Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals. Dantrium IV (dantrolene sodium) for injection prescribing information. Cincinnati, OH; 2001 May.



109. Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals. Dantrium (dantrolene sodium) capsules prescribing information. Cincinnati, OH; 1997 Feb.



110. Rubin AS, Zablocki AD. Hyperkalemia, verapamil, and dantrolene. Anesthesiology. 1987; 66:246-9. [IDIS 227329] [PubMed 3813090]



111. Dantrolene (Dantrium) interactions: verapamil (e.g., Calan). In: Hansten PD, Horn JR. Hansten and Horn’s drug interactions, analysis and managements. St. Louis, MO. Facts and Comparisons; 2002:450a.



a. AHFS drug information 2003. McEvoy GK, ed. Dantrolene. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2003:1321-5.



b. Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and lactation. 6th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 2002:364-6.



c. Nahata MC, Hipple TF. Pediatric drug formulations. 4th ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: Harvey Whitney Books Company; 2000: 35.



More Dantrolene Sodium resources


  • Dantrolene Sodium Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Dantrolene Sodium Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Drug Images
  • Dantrolene Sodium Drug Interactions
  • Dantrolene Sodium Support Group
  • 3 Reviews for Dantrolene Sodium - Add your own review/rating


  • Dantrolene Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Dantrium Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Dantrium MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Dantrium Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

  • Dantrium Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

  • Dantrium Intravenous Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Dantrium Intravenous Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information



Compare Dantrolene Sodium with other medications


  • Malignant Hyperthermia
  • Spasticity

darunavir


Generic Name: darunavir (da ROON a veer)

Brand Names: Prezista


What is darunavir?

Darunavir is an antiviral medication in a group of HIV medicines called protease (PRO-tee-ayz) inhibitors. Darunavir prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cells from multiplying in your body.


Darunavir is used to treat HIV, which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Darunavir is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.


Darunavir may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.


What is the most important information I should know about darunavir?


Do not take darunavir with alfuzosin (Uroxatral), cisapride (Propulsid), pimozide (Orap), lovastatin (Mevacor, Altoprev, Advicor), simvastatin (Zocor, Simcor, Vytorin), oral midazolam (Versed), triazolam (Halcion), rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane, Rifater), St. John's wort, or an ergot medicine such as Ergomar, Ergotrate, Cafergot, D.H.E. 45, Migranal, Methergine, and others. These drugs can cause life-threatening side effects if you use them while you are taking darunavir. There are many other drugs that can interact with darunavir. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list of all your medicines and show it to any healthcare provider who treats you.

HIV/AIDS is usually treated with a combination of drugs. Use all medications as directed by your doctor. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without your doctor's advice. Every person with HIV or AIDS should remain under the care of a doctor.


Taking this medication will not prevent you from passing HIV to other people. Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing razors or toothbrushes. Talk with your doctor about safe ways to prevent HIV transmission during sex. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking darunavir?


You should not take this medication if you are allergic to darunavir or ritonavir (Norvir, Kaletra), or if you have severe liver disease. Some drugs can cause life-threatening side effects if you use them while you are taking darunavir. Do not take darunavir with:

  • alfuzosin (Uroxatral);




  • cisapride (Propulsid);




  • pimozide (Orap);




  • lovastatin (Mevacor, Altoprev, Advicor) or simvastatin (Zocor, Simcor, Vytorin);




  • rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane, Rifater);




  • sildenafil (Revatio);




  • St. John's wort;




  • triazolam (Halcion) or oral midazolam (Versed); or




  • ergot medicines such as ergotamine (Ergomar, Cafergot), dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45, Migranal Nasal Spray), ergonovine (Ergotrate), or methylergonovine (Methergine).



To make sure you can safely take darunavir, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:


  • liver disease (especially hepatitis or cirrhosis);


  • diabetes;




  • a bleeding disorder such as hemophilia;




  • high cholesterol or triglycerides; or




  • if you are allergic to sulfa drugs.




FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether darunavir will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. HIV can be passed to your baby if you are not properly treated during pregnancy. Take all of your HIV medicines as directed to control your infection.

Your name may need to be listed on an antiviral pregnancy registry when you start using this medication.


Darunavir can make birth control pills less effective. Ask your doctor about using a non-hormone method of birth control (such as a condom, diaphragm, spermicide) to prevent pregnancy while taking darunavir. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breast-feed a baby. Even if your baby is born without HIV, the virus may be passed to the baby in your breast milk. Darunavir and ritonavir should not be given to a child younger than 6 years old.

How should I take darunavir?


Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.


Darunavir must be taken together with another medication called ritonavir (Norvir). Take the medicines together at the same time every day.


Take the medicine with a full glass (8 ounces) of water or milk. Darunavir works best if you take it with food.

Swallow the darunavir tablet whole. Do not break or chew.


Use darunavir regularly to get the most benefit. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely.


To be sure this medication is helping your condition, your blood may need to be tested often. Your liver function may also need to be tested. Visit your doctor regularly.


HIV/AIDS is usually treated with a combination of drugs. Use all medications as directed by your doctor. Read the medication guide or patient instructions provided with each medication. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without your doctor's advice. Every person with HIV or AIDS should remain under the care of a doctor.


Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

See also: Darunavir dosage (in more detail)

What happens if I miss a dose?


Take the missed dose of darunavir and ritonavir as soon as you remember and take your next dose at the regularly scheduled time.


If you take darunavir 800 milligrams once daily and you are more than 12 hours late in taking your medications, skip the missed dose and take the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.


If you take darunavir 600 milligrams twice daily and you are more than 6 hours late in taking your medications, skip the missed dose and take the next regularly scheduled dose.


Always take darunavir and ritonavir together. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.


What happens if I overdose?


Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

What should I avoid while taking darunavir?


If you also take didanosine (Videx), take it 1 hour before or 2 hours after you take darunavir.


Taking this medication will not prevent you from passing HIV to other people. Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing razors or toothbrushes. Talk with your doctor about safe ways to prevent HIV transmission during sex. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.

Darunavir side effects


Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using darunavir and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

  • fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash;




  • the first sign of any skin rash, no matter how mild;




  • signs of a new infection, such as fever or chills, cough, flu symptoms, easy bruising or bleeding;




  • severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, nausea and vomiting, fast heart rate;




  • nausea, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or




  • high blood sugar (increased thirst, increased urination, hunger, dry mouth, fruity breath odor, drowsiness, dry skin, blurred vision, weight loss);



Less serious side effects may include:



  • diarrhea, mild nausea, vomiting, stomach pain;




  • headache;




  • mild skin rash; or




  • changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and waist).



This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.


Darunavir Dosing Information


Usual Adult Dose for HIV Infection:

Therapy-naive patients and therapy-experienced patients with no darunavir resistance associated substitutions: Darunavir 800 mg plus ritonavir 100 mg orally once a day with food

Therapy-experienced patients with at least 1 darunavir resistance associated substitution (including V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54L, I54M, T74P, L76V, I84V, and L89V): Darunavir 600 mg plus ritonavir 100 mg orally twice a day with food

Genotypic testing is recommended for therapy-experienced patients. However, when genotypic testing is not possible, darunavir 600 mg plus ritonavir 100 mg orally twice a day with food is recommended.

Usual Pediatric Dose for HIV Infection:

6 to less than 18 years:
20 to less than 30 kg: Darunavir 375 mg plus ritonavir 50 mg orally twice a day with food
30 to less than 40 kg: Darunavir 450 mg plus ritonavir 60 mg orally twice a day with food
40 kg or more: Darunavir 600 mg plus ritonavir 100 mg orally twice a day with food

Once-daily dosing is not recommended for pediatric patients.


What other drugs will affect darunavir?


Many drugs can interact with darunavir. Below is just a partial list. Tell your doctor if you are using:

  • bosentan (Tracleer);




  • buprenorphine and naloxone (Suboxone);




  • colchicine (Colcrys);




  • methadone (Methadose, Dolophine, Diskets);




  • risperidone (Risperdal) or thioridazine (Mellaril);




  • salmeterol (Serevent);




  • an antibiotic such as clarithromycin (Biaxin), rifabutin (Mycobutin);




  • an antidepressant such as desipramine (Norpramin), trazodone (Desyrel), and others;




  • an antifungal medication such as itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), or voriconazole (Vfend);




  • beta-blockers such as metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol) or timolol (Blocadren, Betimol, Cosopt, Timoptic);




  • a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven);




  • cholesterol-lowering medicine such as atorvastatin (Lipitor, Caduet), pravastatin (Pravachol), rosuvastatin (Crestor);




  • heart or blood pressure medicine such as felodipine (Plendil), nicardipine (Cardene), nifedipine (Nifedical, Procardia), and others;




  • medicines used to prevent organ transplant rejection, such as cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), sirolimus (Rapamune), or tacrolimus (Prograf);




  • a heart rhythm medication such as amiodarone (Cordarone), digoxin (digitalis, Lanoxin), flecainide (Tambocor), lidocaine, propafenone (Rythmol), or quinidine (Quin-G);




  • insulin or diabetes medication you take by mouth;




  • medicines to treat erectile dysfunction, such as sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), or vardenafil (Levitra);




  • other HIV/AIDS medicine such as efavirenz (Sustiva, Atripla), raltegravir (Isentress), ritonavir (Norvir, Kaletra), or saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase);




  • seizure medications such as carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol), phenobarbital (Luminal, Solfoton), or phenytoin (Dilantin); or




  • a steroid medication such as dexamethasone (Decadron, Hexadrol) or fluticasone (Advair, Flonase, Flovent).



This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with darunavir. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.



More darunavir resources


  • Darunavir Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Darunavir Dosage
  • Darunavir Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Darunavir Drug Interactions
  • Darunavir Support Group
  • 4 Reviews for Darunavir - Add your own review/rating


  • darunavir Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

  • Darunavir Monograph (AHFS DI)

  • Darunavir MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Prezista Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Prezista Consumer Overview



Compare darunavir with other medications


  • HIV Infection


Where can I get more information?


  • Your pharmacist can provide more information about darunavir.

See also: darunavir side effects (in more detail)